Theoretics of Chinese painting、Others

7. Theoretics of Chinese painting

|Three tops (Sanjue)|a term of Chinese painting. According to some people, it refers to proficiency in poem, calliigraphy and painting, but Gu Kaizhi of Jin Dynasty in his Book of Jin (Jin Shu) said, highest degree of artistic talent. painting and expertise is called Three Tops. Some scholars of Ming and Qing Dynasties thought highest talent, calligraphy and painting degree is the "Three Tops".

|Six styles (Liuqi)| a term of Chinese painting. Zou Yigui of Qing Dynasty in his Brief List of Mountain Painting (xiao Shan Hua Pu) wrote that, six styles shall be tabooed in painting, they are: vulgarity, pure workmanship, too showy display, roughness. weakness and extreme conceit.

| Six strengths (Liuchang)| a term of Chinese painting. Liu Daochun of Northern Song Dynasty in his Essay on Current Famous Painting (Sheng Chao Ming Hua Ping) Wrote of the tips of appreciation. he thought six strengths should be measured. But Wang Yu of Qing Dynasty had different explanations in his essay on painting by saying that the six strengths should be elegance. grace. natural expression. right ink usage, flexible layout and excellent color setting, and these were the essential elements.

|Six techniques (Liufa)| a term of Chinese painting, six standards for measuring portrait painting. Qi Xiehe in Southern Dynasties wrote of the six techniques in his Appreciation of Ancient Paintings (Gu Hua Pin Lu) that: vivid picture. painting technique, exact object shape, right color layout and description.

| Six requirenlents (Liuyao)| a term of Chinese painting, six requirements for creation of Chinese painting. Liang Jinghao of Five Dynasties in his Essay on Brushing Technique (Bi Fa Ji) wrote of six requirements in painting's feeling, spirit,concept, background,brushing technique and ink. Liu Daochun of Northern Song Dyhasty wrote of six tips about appreciation in his Essay on Cuuent Famous Painting (Sheng Chao Ming Hua Ping).

|Three problems (Sanbing)| a term of Chinese painting, refering to stiffness, doubt and roughness, Chinese painting pays attention to brushing technique. beautiful and smooth line without obvious drawing trace.

|Resembling in appearance| opposite to resembling in spirit. A term of Chinese painting, referring to external character of art work. Actually, resembling in appearance and in spirit is united and interacted.It's concluded that resembling in appearance is the basis on which spirit is developed.

| Resembling in spirit | opposite to resembling in appearance. a term of Chinese painting. referring to unity of subject and object, intensifying implication of presentation. It's concluded that neither of appearance and spirit is dispensable.

|Three qualities (Sanpin)| three ratings used in appreciation of Chinese painting: spirit quality, amazing quality and expertise quality. Each quality is subclassified into three ratings. all together nine ratings.

8. Others

|Genuine piece| original work by painter or calligropher distinct from replica reproduction.Replica reproduction counterfeit, distinct from original or genuine piece.

|Picture tract (ceye)| a type of Chinese painting mounting way. Since painting is small. also called "Xiao Pin", Typically in square, rectangular or horizontal shape in Tuipeng. butterfly or folding way. Painting mounted in single copy with coconut oil is called loose copy. Typically, Picture tract is made in even numbers, such as quarto, octavo and more, at least quarto. Space above and below painting is designed for convenience of appreciation, preservation and carrying.

| Square scroll| a form of Chinese pa}nting and calligraphy. Typically, cut 4 chi (Chinese measure) motto paper in half, 2 chi high and 2 chi wide. you will get so-called square scroll. Or cut into 8 pieces, so-called Xiaopin square scroll, or square scroll Xiaopin.

|Sankai (three pieces)| a form of Chinese painting and calligraphy, in rectangular shape. Cut 4, 5 chi (Chinese measure) or so forth moRo paper into three pieces, you will get Sankai of different size, namely,different painting area.

|General paper size| 3 chi. 4 chi, 5 chi, 6 chi, 8 chi, 1 zhang and 2 chi, 1 zhang and 6 chi.

|Scroll couplet| a form of Chinese calligraphy and painting, usually hung in pairs. There is calligraphy couplet, it's called distich. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were painting couplet whereby two painting scrolls of same size were hung in pair. in some cases. painting scroll was hung in the middle in hall with distich af both sides. or just in the contrary. calligraphy scroll in the middle with painting couplet at both sides.

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